Can Apprenticeships Fill the Skills Shortage in Engineering?

Karl Montgomery • October 21, 2024

Apprenticeships were once the backbone of the engineering sector. For many years, this tried-and-tested method of hands-on learning was the key route into skilled trades and technical professions. Yet, over the last 20 to 30 years, many companies moved away from apprenticeships, favouring university degrees and formal qualifications instead. As a result, the pipeline of skilled engineers has steadily declined, contributing to the skills shortage that the industry now faces.


Today, there is a growing recognition that traditional academic routes may not be the answer to closing the skills gap. Instead, there is a renewed interest in bringing back apprenticeships as a way to train a new generation of engineers who are equipped with both the theoretical knowledge and the practical experience necessary to thrive in a rapidly evolving industry.


But is reviving apprenticeships the best way to fill the skills shortage? Let’s explore how these programmes could once again become the foundation for engineering careers.


The Decline of Apprenticeships in Engineering

In the mid-20th century, apprenticeships were the most common path into engineering roles. Young people would join engineering firms, working alongside seasoned professionals while learning the skills of the trade. This hands-on experience, combined with formal education, ensured that by the end of their training, apprentices were fully qualified to step into skilled roles. The apprenticeship model not only produced highly capable engineers but also fostered long-term loyalty between apprentices and the companies that trained them.


However, over the last 20 or 30 years, many businesses began moving away from apprenticeships. The rise of higher education meant that more young people were encouraged to pursue university degrees, and companies increasingly sought candidates with academic qualifications over practical experience. As a result, the number of engineering apprenticeships dwindled, and many firms stopped offering these programmes altogether.


This shift had long-term consequences. While university graduates may enter the workforce with strong theoretical knowledge, they often lack the practical skills that are crucial in engineering roles. Employers have found that new hires need significant additional training before they can contribute effectively. This has contributed to the current skills shortage, as the demand for experienced, hands-on engineers continues to grow.


Bringing Apprenticeships Back: A Solution to the Skills Shortage

In light of these challenges, there is a growing recognition that apprenticeships need to be revived as a key training method for the engineering sector. Unlike traditional academic routes, apprenticeships offer a more balanced approach to learning, combining classroom instruction with real-world experience. Here’s why bringing back apprenticeships could be the answer to filling the skills gap in engineering:


  • Hands-On Experience is Key: Engineering is an inherently practical profession. Whether working on machinery, designing components, or managing projects, engineers need to be able to apply their knowledge in real-world scenarios. Apprenticeships provide this hands-on experience from day one, allowing trainees to develop the practical skills that are often lacking in university graduates.


  • Customised Training for Industry Needs: Apprenticeships can be tailored to the specific needs of an employer, ensuring that apprentices develop the precise skills that are in demand. This makes apprenticeships highly adaptable, allowing companies to train candidates in the latest technologies and practices that are specific to their industry. For example, an engineering firm focusing on renewable energy can train apprentices in the latest innovations in that field, ensuring a future-ready workforce.


  • Bridging the Generational Gap: With a significant portion of the engineering workforce nearing retirement, there is an urgent need to transfer knowledge to the next generation. Apprenticeships allow experienced engineers to pass on their expertise to apprentices, ensuring that valuable knowledge isn’t lost when older workers retire. This approach helps to create continuity within organisations and ensures that critical skills are preserved.


  • Cost-Effective for Employers and Trainees: Apprenticeships are often more cost-effective than hiring university graduates who may require additional training. Employers can train apprentices on the job, moulding them into highly capable employees who are familiar with the company's systems, culture, and processes. For apprentices, the "earn while you learn" model makes this a more financially accessible route into engineering, avoiding the high costs associated with university education.

While university degrees offer a deep understanding of engineering principles, they don’t always prepare graduates for the practical realities of the job. Theoretical knowledge is essential, but without hands-on experience, many graduates struggle to transition into the workforce smoothly. This disconnect has left companies needing to invest heavily in additional training for new hires, which prolongs the time it takes for them to become productive.


Moreover, the rise of digital technologies and automation in the engineering sector means that the skills required are constantly evolving. Apprenticeships offer the flexibility to adjust training programmes quickly, ensuring that apprentices are learning the most up-to-date skills. University courses, on the other hand, can be slower to adapt to changes in the industry, making it harder for graduates to stay current with industry needs.


The Return of Apprenticeships: Success Stories

Several companies are already seeing the benefits of bringing back apprenticeship programmes. For example, Jaguar Land Rover has reinvested in apprenticeships as a way to fill its skills gap in manufacturing and engineering. The company offers apprenticeships that combine academic learning with practical experience in areas such as electrical engineering, manufacturing, and product development.


Similarly, Balfour Beatty, a leading infrastructure company, has launched apprenticeship programmes to address the skills shortage in civil and mechanical engineering. These apprenticeships allow young people to gain experience on major construction projects, learning the essential skills needed to succeed in the industry.


These companies recognise that apprenticeships are not just a way to fill immediate vacancies—they are a long-term investment in the future of their workforce. By training apprentices, these businesses are ensuring that they have a steady pipeline of skilled engineers who are familiar with their processes and ready to take on more responsibility as they progress in their careers.


Practical Tips for Creating an Effective Apprenticeship Programme

1. Identify Specific Skill Gaps in Your Organisation


Before launching an apprenticeship programme, it’s important to conduct a thorough skills audit. Where are your company’s biggest gaps? Are you lacking expertise in specific areas like mechanical systems, electrical engineering, or data-driven manufacturing processes? This assessment will help you design a programme that addresses your company’s unique needs and ensure that apprentices are trained in the areas most critical to your business.


For example, if your company is implementing new automation technologies, your apprenticeship programme should focus on developing skills related to robotics, machine learning, and system integration. Tailoring the programme to meet these specific requirements will ensure that apprentices are well-equipped to tackle your company's immediate and future challenges.


2. Collaborate with Educational Institutions


A successful apprenticeship programme often involves collaboration with local colleges or vocational schools. Educational institutions can provide the necessary classroom-based learning that complements on-the-job training. By partnering with these organisations, you ensure that apprentices receive a well-rounded education that blends theory with practice.


Establish clear communication with educational partners to develop a curriculum that aligns with your company's goals. Consider creating a bespoke course that integrates your specific technologies, tools, and methodologies into the broader academic content.


3. Mentorship is Key to Apprenticeship Success


One of the greatest strengths of apprenticeships is the opportunity for new talent to learn directly from experienced professionals. To maximise this benefit, it’s crucial to have a formal mentorship structure in place. Assign skilled engineers or technicians as mentors to guide apprentices through the process, offering practical insights and advice that can’t be found in textbooks.


Mentorship also plays a key role in employee engagement and retention. By fostering strong mentor-apprentice relationships, companies create a supportive learning environment that encourages apprentices to stay and grow within the organisation. Be sure to offer mentors training on how to effectively coach and develop apprentices.


4. Develop a Clear Progression Pathway


Apprenticeships are about long-term investment, so it's essential to create a clear career progression for your apprentices. Outline the skills, knowledge, and milestones that apprentices are expected to achieve at each stage of the programme. This not only gives apprentices a sense of direction and purpose but also allows you to track their progress.


Consider developing a multi-level apprenticeship programme, with distinct pathways for different engineering specialisations. For instance, an electrical engineering apprentice might progress through levels of increasing responsibility, from basic circuit design to managing electrical installations on complex projects. This structure can serve as both a motivational tool for apprentices and a strategic framework for your company’s talent development.


5. Incorporate Digital Skills and Emerging Technologies


The engineering sector is becoming increasingly reliant on digital tools and technologies, from 3D printing and CAD software to artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things (IoT). It’s important that your apprenticeship programme incorporates training in these emerging areas to prepare apprentices for the future of engineering.


Ensure that apprentices are exposed to the latest technologies and taught how to work with digital tools that will be critical to their roles. This could involve partnerships with technology providers to ensure access to cutting-edge equipment, or investing in specialised training that complements your in-house expertise.


6. Offer Competitive Compensation and Benefits


While apprentices are often new to the workforce, it’s important to offer competitive compensation that reflects the value they bring to your organisation. A fair wage not only helps to attract talented candidates but also reinforces the idea that apprenticeships are a respected, viable alternative to traditional academic routes.


Additionally, consider offering benefits such as training allowances, travel expenses, and opportunities for further education. Showing that you’re committed to the professional development of apprentices will make your programme more attractive and competitive.


7. Evaluate and Adapt the Programme Regularly


Like any business initiative, your apprenticeship programme should be regularly evaluated and adjusted as needed. Gather feedback from apprentices, mentors, and other stakeholders to understand what’s working and what areas need improvement. Track the progress of apprentices and measure key outcomes such as retention rates, skill development, and eventual job placement.


Make sure to adapt the programme to reflect changing industry trends and emerging skill requirements. For example, as automation continues to grow, your programme might need to expand its focus on robotics and artificial intelligence. Keeping the programme dynamic and responsive to change will ensure it remains relevant and effective.

As the engineering sector faces an ever-widening skills gap, apprenticeships are emerging as a vital solution to train the next generation of engineers. By developing a well-structured, industry-focused apprenticeship programme, companies can cultivate homegrown talent, tailor skills to meet their specific needs, and ensure a steady pipeline of skilled professionals.


For businesses looking to remain competitive in a rapidly evolving landscape, now is the time to reinvest in apprenticeships as a strategic tool for workforce development.

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A practical guide to agency worker compliance workflows Compliance becomes manageable when it is built into the workforce workflow rather than reviewed after the fact. The most effective sites create a controlled path from labour request to shift completion. Before a worker is booked, define the role accurately. Record the department, duties, pay basis, shift pattern, physical demands, required certificates, PPE and any site-specific restrictions. This gives the agency enough information to send suitable people and establishes the baseline for AWR tracking. Before the first shift, confirm Right to Work status, identity, role eligibility and completed induction requirements. For safety-critical work, verify the relevant certificate and practical authorisation rather than accepting a broad description such as “trained”. A current counterbalance licence, for instance, does not by itself show competence on every piece of equipment or within every site layout. At check-in, validate the person against the booking. This is where attendance monitoring matters: it identifies a no-show immediately, confirms the worker is the individual expected and provides a live starting point for the shift record. If someone arrives without clearance, the escalation route must be clear. Do not place them into an alternative task without checking that their induction and training permit it. During the assignment, record changes that matter. Moving departments, changing duties, extending shifts, approving overtime and reporting incidents all affect compliance, pay or both. A supervisor needs a quick method of updating these facts without creating another paper trail that no one reconciles. At shift close, approve accurate hours and retain the attendance record. Review exceptions such as missing breaks, unplanned overtime, expired evidence or workers assigned outside their approved role. These exceptions are often where the next operational failure is hiding. Build a compliance dashboard that managers will use A monthly spreadsheet may satisfy an administrative habit, but it does not help a duty manager at 05:45 when 12 people are due at the gate. Useful workforce visibility is live, role-specific and designed for action. A practical dashboard should show at least five things: who is booked and on site; Right to Work and document status; induction, training and licence validity; attendance and late-arrival exceptions; and approaching AWR qualifying milestones. It should also make it easy to identify the responsible agency contact and replace a worker who cannot be deployed. The value is not the dashboard itself. It is the response it enables. If a certification expiry is visible a month in advance, refresher training can be planned without reducing capacity. If no-show trends are visible by shift or department, workforce planners can adjust booking levels or address a weak supply route. If AWR milestones are flagged early, the hirer and agency can validate pay information before a dispute develops. This is where workforce technology can turn compliance from a reactive burden into an operating discipline. Recruit Mint's Deploy Mint platform is built to give clients live visibility across bookings, attendance, Right to Work, training and workforce performance, helping site teams move from fragmented records to controlled deployment. Set clear ownership between the hirer and labour provider  Many compliance failures are not caused by a lack of policy. They happen because both parties assume the other is doing the work. Agree responsibilities in writing, then test them in normal operations. The agency should be accountable for its pre-employment checks, worker records, assignment tracking and prompt communication of concerns. The hirer should provide accurate role details, workplace risk information, site induction, supervision, actual hours and notification of any change to duties or conditions. Both parties should have a named escalation contact for failed checks, incidents and urgent replacement requirements. Review the arrangement regularly, especially following peak periods, site changes or a safety event. Sample records against workers who were actually on site, not just the files that are easiest to find. Ask whether the evidence supports the real deployment decision made that day. The strongest temporary workforce is not simply one that fills shifts. It is one your managers can deploy with confidence, recover quickly when plans change and evidence clearly when challenged.
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Reliable warehouse staffing should provide five things at once: confirmed labour matched to the work and shift live visibility of attendance and exceptions compliant worker records before deployment rapid recovery when a worker does not attend or demand rises reporting that links labour decisions to operational outcomes These controls reduce the number of avoidable surprises. They also give site managers evidence to challenge assumptions. If a particular shift has recurring late arrivals , for example, the answer may be transport timing, worker engagement, a weak confirmation process or an unrealistic start time. Without data, every issue looks like a general labour shortage. Build the labour plan before the booking request The strongest staffing outcomes begin with a labour plan that is based on workload rather than last week's headcount. Operations teams should forecast expected units, pallet movements, order lines, despatch windows and any planned promotions or customer peaks. Those demand drivers can then be translated into required hours by department and shift. This does not need to be a complicated mathematical model to be useful. A warehouse manager can start by comparing planned headcount, actual attendance, output and overtime for each shift over several weeks. Patterns soon appear. Perhaps Sunday night attendance is lower than weekday attendance. Perhaps picking productivity falls after late changes to allocation. Perhaps demand spikes are consistently known two weeks ahead but bookings are still raised the day before. The practical aim is to distinguish between planned demand and emergency demand. Planned demand should be supplied through a stable, familiar worker pool. Emergency demand needs a clear escalation route, agreed replacement times and a named operational contact who can make decisions quickly. Combining the two creates a permanent state of firefighting. Set a clear confirmation and recovery process Every booked worker should be confirmed before the shift, with accurate start time, location, role, pay information, PPE expectations and transport considerations. Confirmation should not be a single message sent into the void. The process needs a defined point at which a non-response is treated as a risk and replacement activity begins. On site, attendance should be recorded against the actual booking. This sounds basic, yet it is where many temporary labour processes fail. A supervisor may know that two people are missing, while the staffing team believes the shift is fully covered. Live attendance data closes that gap and allows replacement action while it can still protect output. Workforce Recovery™ is most effective when it is planned rather than improvised. Agree in advance what happens at 5 per cent, 10 per cent or greater absence. Which areas are prioritised? Can trained workers be redeployed? Which work can be deferred without affecting customer commitments? Who authorises overtime or additional labour? These are operational decisions, not questions to leave until the shift has already started. Compliance needs to travel with the worker Fast mobilisation cannot mean reduced control. Temporary warehouse work can involve high-risk environments, machinery, manual handling, MHE access, food safety controls and confidential stock. Before deployment, employers need confidence that Right to Work checks, identity verification, relevant training records and role-specific requirements have been completed and remain visible. The risk is not limited to a failed audit. Poor record control can result in an untrained person being placed in an unsuitable role, inconsistent induction, avoidable incidents and managers losing time chasing documents. Compliance information should be accessible to the people who need it without relying on emails, paper folders or calls to multiple contacts. Assignment history matters too. After 12 weeks in the same role, Agency Workers Regulations requirements may affect equal treatment. A clear record of role, location, working pattern and assignment dates helps HR and operations manage this properly. It also prevents the confusion that arises when workers move between departments or sites without a reliable audit trail. Measure what affects output, not just fill rate  Fill rate is useful, but it is not enough. A provider can report a high fill rate while the operation still suffers from late arrivals, early leavers, poor retention or inappropriate worker deployment. The measures should reflect the reality of the warehouse floor. Track booked versus attended headcount by shift, time of arrival, replacement time, no-show rate, overtime caused by labour gaps, compliance completion and worker retention. Where site data allows, compare these figures with throughput, despatch performance, error rates and agency labour cost per unit. The purpose is not to create more reporting. It is to find the points where labour performance is constraining the operation. A live workforce platform makes this far more practical. Recruit Mint's Deploy Mint gives operations, HR and workforce planning teams visibility of bookings, attendance, compliance, training and workforce recovery activity in one place. Instead of waiting for an end-of-week report, managers can see exceptions during the shift and act while there is still time to protect service. There is a trade-off to manage. Not every operation needs extensive dashboards or highly granular forecasts from day one. A smaller warehouse with predictable demand may gain more from disciplined booking, accurate attendance records and a dependable core worker pool. A multi-shift, high-volume site will usually need deeper forecasting and real-time exception management. The right level of control should match the cost of disruption. Create a core workforce, then protect flexibility Temporary labour performs better when workers know the site, the standards and the team. Building a reliable core of regular workers reduces induction repetition, improves attendance confidence and gives supervisors people who understand the rhythm of the operation. It should not remove flexibility, but it gives the flexible layer a stronger foundation. Review who returns consistently, which roles they perform well and where they need further training . Then plan additional capacity around that core. This is particularly valuable ahead of seasonal peaks , promotional events, stocktakes and new contract launches, when a warehouse needs to increase numbers without lowering control. The practical starting point is simple: take the next four weeks of planned volume, map labour demand by shift and department, then compare it with actual attendance and recovery performance from the previous four weeks. 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